The U.S. EPA published a report to congress in August of 2007 regarding the power consumption of data centers including some suggestions for efficiencies. I found it worth the read. http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6891&context=lbnl
Also, Jonathan Koomey at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab published a paper estimating the power consumption by servers in the U.S. and around the world. Another interesting read, but perhaps somewhat dated from February 2007. Also, the work is based on the power rating provided by the manufacturer. http://enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/svrpwrusecompletefinal.pdf
I am surprised, frankly, by the scarcity of credible scientific work in the area (unless my googling ability is limited). I tend toward the longer view that centralization will lower costs and certainly has much better opportunity for increases in efficiency.
That said, I think Jim's ammeter approach is an excellent idea until additional studies are published. Jim, can you measure the draw of the entire room (e.g. cooling equipment, tape drives, etc.)? Also, do you find the server draw to average 82 watts throughout the business day, or just when the server is idle?
The journey to the cloud should result in significant energy efficiencies in the mid-long term.
btw, excellent group, thanks for having me.
Mark Wenig
OK, this inspired me to buy an ammeter and figure out what my servers
Chris Marino wrote:
> Gang,
>
> Interesting post here from James Hamilton from Microsoft's Live team
> with an analysis on the costs of running a large data center. Power
> consumption is a distant 3rd right now....
>
> However, if you add in power distribution and cooling, then it bumps up
> to number two. From here he forecasts that server are getter cheaper
> and power is getting more expensive, so soon power will the largest
> cost.
>
> http://perspectives.mvdirona.com/2008/11/28/CostOfPowerInLargeScaleDataC
> enters.aspx
>
> I guess you could quibble with some of the numbers, but there they are
> for you to dial in whatever you want.
>
actually draw in power.
As previously discussed, I'm running quad core Intel processors w/ 4 GB
memory and 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports and a disk. The first batch were
about $1,220 each; the second batch were $1,152 each. Add maybe $50
each for the rack, cables, KVM, and switch. That leaves power. Oh, and
$59.95 for an AC ammeter.
After booting, the servers settle down to about .67 amps or about 82
watts. At New England small office electrical rates, that works out to
$123.73 per year per server running 24 / 7.
So the cost of power is about 10% of the capital cost. Total out of
pocket for the first year is $1,373. For the second year, $123.73.
The EC2 equivalent is over $7,000 per server, is based on much lower
performance, and is subject to additional costs for compute.
Please, somebody explain why Amazon is a bargain.
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